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Surnames: Fountain County IN Archives History - Books .....Covington
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Fountain County IN Archives History - Books .....Covington 1881
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Book Title: History Of Fountain County
COVINGTON.
The pioneers of what was the western portion of Montgomery county, prior to
1825, did not wait long for a trading point conveniently at hand. As will be
seen by referring to the general county history, the Indiana state legislature,
in session assembled, in the winter of 1825—6, by special act, set off that part
of Montgomery county, now known as Fountain county, for a new county, and
commissioners were appointed whose duty it was to select a site for the county
seat. Numerous were the points favorable, and of course each section of the
county had its solicitors.
Isaac Coleman, a Virginian by birth, and a man of fine parts, who had made
his advent in Indiana very early, and had settled where Attica is, secured the
northeast fraction, 82.7 acres, and the southeast fraction, 73.7 acres, of the
north half of Sec. 35, T. 20 N., E. 9 W.; this land being situated close to the
Wabash river, the only outlet for trade, and about midway of the county, north
and south. Mr. Coleman conceived it to be a convenient point for a county seat
of justice. In those early days, when railroads were unheard of and the country
so densely wooded that roads were obliged to be chopped from place to place, it
was natural that a place near a stream, even though it were known to be
navigable for boats alone, should be chosen upon which to build the principal
city of the county. Mr. Coleman immediately exerted his influence toward
securing the location of the county seat on his land. Lucas Nebeker and others
also worked for its location somewhere about its present site. Mr. Coleman
employed old Mr. Johnson, of Crawfordsvilie, a surveyor, to lay off a town. Mr.
Johnson this same year, 1826, laid off Attica and La Fayette. Mr. Coleman's site
was chosen as the proper place for the county seat, and the town was called
Covington. Dating almost from that moment, efforts have always been in order to
re-locate the seat of justice of Fountain county. Other early entries made in
this immediate vicinity were as follows: John Wilson and David Vance secured the
northeast fraction of the south half of Sec. 35, comprising 78 acres, the entry
dating May 6, 1826. John Miller became owner of the southeast fraction, 82
acres, of Sec. 35, in 1830. Daniel Landers entered the E. 1/2 of N. W. 1/4 Sec.
36, in 1826. John Wilson and David Vance, in the same year, the W. 1/2 of N. W.
1/4 Sec. 36. Andrew Shankland, in 1827, entered the E. 1/2 of N. E. 1/4 Sec. 36.
James A. Thompson the W. 1/2 of S. E. 1/4 Sec. 36, in 1826; also William Ray the
S.W. 1/4 Sec. 36. William B. Evans entered the E. 1/2 of N. E. 1/4 Sec. 26, in
1826; also William Miller the E. 1/2 of S.E. 1/4 Sec. 26, and Samuel Maxwell the
W. 1/2 of N. W. 1/4 Sec. 25. A year previous to 1826 William Vandorn entered the
W. 1/2 of N. E. 1/4 Sec. 26. In 1828 Elijah Smith secured the E. 1/2 of S. E.
1/4 Sec. 25, Benedict Morris the E. 1/2 of N. W. 1/4 Sec. 25, Levi J. Reynolds
the W. 1/2 of N. E. 1/4 Sec. 25, and James C. Denton entered the W. 1/2 of N. E.
1/4 Sec. 36. In 1829 Jonas Baum obtained the north fraction of S.W. 1/4 Sec. 26.
In 1831 John Miller bought the E. £ of N.W. i Sec. 26, and Robert Hetfield laid
claim to the E. 1/2 of S. E. 1/4 Sec. 36. A part of these lots of land in after
years became additions to Covington, and the rest lies immediately around the town.
In laying out the town Mr. Coleman had an eye to its future welfare and
permanency. His plat is on part of Sees. 35 and 36, T. 20 N., R. 9 W. of the
Indiana P. M. The streets running up and down the river bluffs were run at 18°
20' west of north by the compass, and all the cross streets at right angles to
this. The streets are all sixty-six feet wide, except Water street, which is
eighty feet wide, and Liberty street, sixty feet wide. A rock is buried at the
southwest corner of the public square, and the southwest corner of this rock is
the point from which the measurement was takeu. The lots are all 66 feet in
front by 132 feet deep, except lots from 45 to 66, inclusive, which are 76x132,
and lots adjoining the south side of Liberty street, which are 72x132. except
lots 72, 73,74, 75, which are 66x138.
As a benefit for the town Mr. Coleman donated to the county one whole block
for a public square, four lots to religions purposes, and four lots for schools,
a piece of ground for a cemetery, and also donated four lots out of five of all
the remaining lots. The town he laid out, and the donations he made for a
"permanent" seat of justice. It would be well if all re-locationists would note
this word "permanent," as it is held that should the county seat be removed,
then the will of Coleman to the county would be broken, and his heirs would be
able to seize upon the property formerly donated, with all its fixtures.
At a meeting of the authorities, held July 25, 1826, the county agent was
ordered to cause the town site to be re-surveyed and corrected, and to present a
plat of the same to the "Board." At that meeting the town was formally
appellated "Covington." The county agent was also ordered to offer for sale on
the first Monday in October of that year, the lots belonging to the county. It
is needless to say all this was done, and that Covington began to germinate. A
very few squatters were already on the ground. John Gillam lived in a very small
log cabin, which stood on the ground now occupied by the jail. He had a large
family and was poor. He worked at clearing, or any job work that could be
obtained. Joseph Griffith and his son Barton were the first to actually settle
anywhere on this spot. Joseph Griffith moved to Illinois and there died. His son
Barton remained and became clerk for Joseph Sloan, whose business he largely
managed. Making the trip to New Orleans, carrying produce on flat-boats, he
incurred a severe attack of dysentery, which proved fatal on his return. His
death was a loss to the community, as he was a bright, energetic spirit. Daniel
Landers was at that time a rising merchant of the "log town" of Indianapolis.
Mr. Landers concluded to start a branch store at Covington, and for that purpose
sent out Joseph L. Sloan. Mr. Sloan made the trip in October, 1826, across the
country, bringing a load of goods with him, and chopping a large part of his way
through the dense woods. Having arrived, it was necessary to build as soon as
possible, so as to shield his merchandise from the weather. John Gillam, Joseph
and Barton Griffith, lent helping hands. Anderson White came from Coal creek,
seven miles, with his ox team. Joseph Baum, James Bilsland, Lucas Kebeker, James
Whitley, Joseph Shelby, John Steeley, and perhaps others, who lived in the
"Bend," came hurrying to the spot to take part in the erection of the first
"business house" of the county seat. The building, about 14x18, one-story, of
unhewn logs, daubed and plastered, was soon ready for occupancy. The shelves
were riven boards, and nails brought by Mr. Sloan were used, but were not
common. The store immediately became the center of attraction, and the
surrounding farmers were happier.
About the same time that Mr. Sloan came Mr. Rawles made his way from the
prairie, north of Terre Haute, up the Wabash river in a keel-boat, or barge. He
brought his family and household goods. Mr. Rawles, or as he is known, David
Rawles, immediately began the construction of a hotel, assisted by about the
same men who aided Sloan. His building was about 16x24, one-story, round logs,
clapboard roof puncheon floor. He purchased some nails of Sloan, "the
merchant,"
and some boards of White, with which he made some "extra good doors." On the
rear of the "hotel" he built a rail pen which he battened and covered with
clapboards, and in this Mrs. Rawles did the cooking. Joseph Sloan and his clerk
were the first boarders. 1826, the heralder of the first store, and first hotel
or "tavern" of Covington soon rolled away, giving place to 1827. This year
witnessed the arrival of Andrew Ingram and Daniel Rogers, both attorneys-at-law;
hardly an inviting place, it would seem, to that profession, yet there was
considerable real-estate business to transact; John McKinney, who started a
tannery, Frank Merrill, who opened the second store, and Dr. Hamilton. Most of
these men were patrons of the "Hotel de Rawles," and one could scarcely
conceive
of a company composed of lawyers, a doctor, merchants, tradesmen and farmers
without concluding as to the fun of that early day. For amusement, the above
named persons and others to the number of twelve, organized themselves into a
body for the purpose of holding moot court. Their organization was christened
with the beautiful and appropriate name "Callisumpkin Society," intensely
classical, showing that in that primitive age Covington had her sages as well as
Greece. David Rawles presided as "Dispenser of Justice," and listened to the
pleadings of Ingram and Rogers, attorneys composing the Covington bar. James
Whitley was constable. The attorneys, ever anxious for practice, carefully
watched the actions of men, and no misdemeanor escaped punishment. The judge,
ever proud of his position, issued writs promptly, and the constable, desirous
of showing his authority, unhesitatingly served all summonses and made arrests
even if his best friends suffered. A common misdemeanor, against which a law of
that body positively asserted itself, was the brushing of flies from one's face
when there were fewer than one dozen of these pests endeavoring simultaneously
to deprive him of all appetite or comfort. Could such an act be proven against
any one, a heavy fine was the inevitable result; the trial often lasting till
late in the hours of the night. At that time the site of Covington was covered
largely by brush and stumps. A common fine was to require the "law-breaker to
dig up one of those stumps." In this way much of the land was cleared. Dr.
Hamilton relates how, when having returned from a professional call, the
constable immediately served a process on him, accusing him of brushing the
flies from his face when fewer than a dozen were bothering him. The doctor
secured the services of lawyer Rogers and went into trial before Judge Rawles.
The trial over, the usual judgment was rendered, but this time the penalty
called for the uprooting of the largest stnmp of all. The doctor, loath to exert
his muscular ability to so great an extent, readily paid a man $5 to remove the
stump. Four gallons of whisky, too, was consumed at his expense. The
Callisumpkin Society was instrumental in doing much toward the development of
the town, and its name is worthy of perpetuity.
Dr. Hamilton was born in Saratoga, New York, January 7, 1800; studied
medicine in Malone, New York; then attended three courses of medical lectures in
1823, 1824 and 1825, at Vermont Medical College. After graduation he located,
May 10, 1826, at La Fayette, Indiana, and engaged in the practice of his
profession. La Fayette, then considered the head-waters of navigation on the
Wabash river, attracted men of all classes, and in large numbers, to settle.
Lawyers and doctors were very numerous, and Dr. Hamilton, thinking his chances
for success better elsewhere, located at Covington, a single man, March 31,
1827. He was Covington's first physician, and boarded for some time with David
Rawles. In 1828 he built a frame office 12 x 17, the first frame building
erected in this vicinity. It was lathed and plastered. Dr. Hamilton kept a small
stock of drugs, mostly for his own practice. William B., or as he was familiarly
known, Bloomer White, the second clerk of Fountain county, and an eminent
officer, kept his office with Dr. Hamilton, who was county land agent at that
time. Mr. White preserved all his papers, etc., in a small secretary. In 1828 he
brought his family of wife and four children. After fourteen years' clerkship he
moved to Vermilion county, where he died. Dr. Hamilton continued county land
agent eighteen years. It was about 1828 when Dr. Jesse Bowen came from La
Fayette to make Covington his home. He became one of the most worthy citizens,
living here many years. Old gentleman Boston also kept a hattery, and did
something also at ferrying over the Wabash river. His death occurred at
Covington. His son, Washington Boston, lived with him and here married. After
many years he moved westward. A few others came in about this year, but, like
the Arab, they folded their tents — if they owned any — "and as silently stole
away." It was about this time, or the year before, that for the first time a
steamboat approached the Covington wharf. Notice had been given previously of
the intended voyage, which would be made providing the river should be
sufficiently high. On the day designated the people for many miles around
gathered at Covington, some having ridden, but many having walked. All was
unrest, each person anxious to catch the first glimpse of the expected
"monster." At last the scream of the whistle startled them, terrifying many for
the moment; then there was a rush for the river bank. It is impossible to paint
the picture of the crowd, as, with eyes and mouths open, the steamer was taken
in by the surprised people. The kindness of the captain gratified the curiosity
of the lookers-on by allowing them to board the boat and examine the works,
these calling forth many ludicrous, and at times ridiculous, expressions. All at
last retired, satisfied at having seen the "wonder of the age."
William S. Crain made his advent in the spring of 1829, bringing with him his
wife and five children —Mary, Margaret, Martha, William and Charles. He came on
a steamboat during a freshet of the Wabash river. At that time there stood two
small log cabins near the river, and into one of these Mr. Crain housed his
family for a time, although greatly crowded. He immediately purchased lot 119,
on which he erected a two-story frame dwelling, into which he moved his family.
At the rear of this he built a shop for a hattery, as he was a hatter by trade.
In this building he lived till about 1868, when he purchased property in the
north part of town, and rented his building on the square. In 1870 it was
entirely destroyed by fire. Mr. Crain then sold twenty-two feet front on the
corner to Mr. Harter, who erected on it the present brick store building. He
sold twenty-two feet front to Mrs. H. R. Claypool, who leased it to Mortimer
Steely, by whom a small frame building was built. Michael Port bought the other
twenty-two feet, on which he built a large brick business house, now occupied by
Samuel Boord as a meat-market. Mr. Crain died May 5, 1826. His three daughters,
Mrs. Dr. Hamilton, Mrs. H. R. Claypool, and Mrs. Nelson, reside in Covington.
In 1826 Mr. Walters built a two-story frame house, and kept hotel, or an
eating-house. Joseph L. Sloan's storeroom proving too small for his trade, he
erected a small frame building, which he used several years. In the fall of 1826
came Jacob Tice, with his wife and one child, in company with David Elder and
family. David Elder rented a two-story log building which stood on the southwest
corner point lot, where he kept an eating-house. He was already in his wintry
years, and soon died. His daughter Matilda married Anderson White. Jacob Tice
was born in Middlesex county, New Jersey, where he spent most of his early
years. He then removed to New York city, where, in 1808, he witnessed the
Clermont steamboat. He learned the tailor's trade. After coming to Covington he
rented a small building for a year or two, then built a room, now occupied as a
shoe-shop, near the Hardy & Reid bank. He followed his trade till ready-made
clothing so reduced, the tailor's custom as to oblige him to seek a livelihood
otherwise. He became the second justice of the peace, succeeding David Rawles.
He filled this office for ten years. He was also postmaster many years. About
1830 David and Frank Wallace became goods merchants in Covington. Frank looked
to the store, while David practiced law. David Wallace was a resident of
Covington when he was elected lieutenant-governor of Indiana in 1832, and in
1838 reached the governor's chair. He buried his wife and child in the Covington
cemetery. He afterward made his home in Indianapolis. Other very early merchants
were John Hawkins, David Sanders, Conover & Shaw, Roup and his partner.
In 1830 the population had reached about 150 or 200 inhabitants, yet these
would make but few families. The town grew and improved slowly. The business men
already named continued to do the business of the place. As yet there was no
outlet for goods and travel except the river, unless by wagon or stage.
At last a ray, as it were, from the headlight of a steam engine seemed to
illuminate Covington, whose citizens almost fancied a railroad built and a train
of cars doing their bidding. This was in 1837. The Great Western railway
appeared as a ghost, which the people thought real. This road was already partly
graded from Springfield to Decatur, Illinois, and from Decatur to Danville,
Illinois, the abutments being constructed in the Big Vermilion river, at
Danville. This being an Illinois road and it being desirable to extend it in
Indiana to the Wabash river—a natural outlet —James Alexander, of Paris,
Illinois, a member of the Illinois state legislature, was appointed by the
Illinois assembly as a committee to visit the Indiana state legislature for the
purpose of asking for a bill authorizing the continuance of the road as desired.
He failed to present his request in time, but at the session of 1838-9 he
succeeded. Dr. John Hamilton, who had been a member of the state senate from
1834 to 1837, made Alexander's acquaintance in 1837, and the two were fast
friends. In 1839 Alexander wrote Hamilton of his success, stating that the
commissioners would hold a meeting at a certain date in June at Springfield, for
the purpose of locating the road; also stating that La Fayette and Perrysville
would be represented, and that he desired Covington to send her delegation. No
sooner had the letter been received than a meeting of the citizens was called,
at which Dr. Hamilton, Isaac Coleman (then of Attica, but largely interested in
Covington), Daniel Mace, and James P. Carleton, attorneys, were chosen delegates
to Springfield. Money to defray expenses was immediately solicited, but this
part of the work meeting with but little success, Dr. Hamilton, putting $500 in
his pocket, called for the boys to mount their horses, and all started for the
capital of Illinois, where they arrived after a three-days journey. The
commissioners held a nine-days session, during which time the delegations from
each of three competing points were heard. The session over, Alexander announced
to Hamilton, in secret, that the commissioners had decided to make known nothing
as to their decision, at the same time advising the doctor to make haste home
and to secure the piece of ground on the west side of the Wabash river, opposite
Covington, so as to deprive speculators from Perrysville of the chance to bay
it, on which to lay out a town, and thus impede the growth of Covington. The
hint from Alexander was sufficient. Horses fed, the party made a forced ride to
Danville, and there leaving the horses and the rest of the party, Dr. Hamilton
and Daniel Mace took the stage for home, arriving about two o'clock in the
morning. The town was immediately aroused, and a meeting called, at which a
committee, consisting of Dr. Bowen, David Rawles, W. B. White and Frank Merrill
was appointed to go over the river and purchase the twenty acres opposite town
before breakfast. The bargain for the land was consummated. By nine o'clock men
from Perrysville swarmed down, and it was only by purchasing a half-section of
land that the people of Covington could beat back their antagonists. So much of
the battle was fought. Dr. Hamilton now set to work to secure the right of way
for the new road from Danville to Covington. He also let the contracts for the
construction of the road, with instructions not to commence operations till
directed by the commissioners. Those interested then rested. Time rolled away.
Payments on the land purchased became due, and the signers were called upon to
liquidate the debt. Rawles and Hetfield were lightly responsible, but the heavy
burden fell upon Dr. Hamilton. Six thousand dollars was required from him, which
he paid. The panic ensued, suspending, and virtually destroying, the "Internal
Improvement System" of the states, and the Great Western railroad proved,
indeed, a great western ghost, the destruction of men's fortunes, and a
disappointment to all citizens of Fountain county. To remedy the panic effects,
the Indiana state legislature passed the "Valuation and Appraisement" law,
which
proved valuable to the debtor, but operated seriously against the merchant and
heavy creditors. These circumstances generated influences collapsing to
Covington, a town doomed still to do her business in the old, slow way, ere a
few years her sun again appeared above the horizon to rise promising for a time,
but long ere it reached its zenith clouds of misfortune shut out its light,
leaving its zenith still to be reached. About 1842 excavation for the Wabash &
Erie canal began at La Fayette, and by 1846 was finished at Covington. Money
being scarce, a large amount of canal script was issued, which the Covington
merchants promised to accept at par for goods till the canal was finished to
this point. This script depreciated till it was worth but forty cents on the
dollar. While it was worth and brought but this in other places, the business
men of Covington fulfilled their promise. Those who had large sums of money
loaned out were obliged to give a receipt in full, when, virtually, but
two-fifths of the amount was received. Joseph L. Sloan weathered the gale, with
destruction to his fortune from which he never recovered. Dr. Hamilton lost
thousands of dollars, and others suffered in proportion. The town grew rapidly
during the excavation, but the burden of debt was too heavy. The ultimate
failure of the canal added disaster. When the civil war broke out, to hurl
desolation and death over this fair land, Covington was nearly as large as now.
The Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroad, built in 1869, gave value to
property and an impetus to business, which resulted in improvement in buildings.
The writer must now retrograde a few years and notice the improvement in
business houses. Mr. Sloan's log store, then his frame store, occupied a part of
lot 93. In later years, about 1835, he erected a building occupying the full
sixty-six feet front. The building was of brick, and two stories high. It was
divided into a store-room and tavern. Mr. Sloan sold to McMaunomy and McMahon,
who let it to different parties. The whole block burned in 1878. Rawles' hotel
stood on lot 102. The log house he tore down, and built a frame with three
rooms, one of which he sold to Henry Churchman, and the other two to other
parties. The latter two have always been saloons. David Rawles died in 1879,
leaving a wife and one daughter, who are in Iowa. The first building on lot 111,
was a large frame, occupied by Harmon Webb as a tavern. Harmon Webb moved to
Covington about 1831. He kept the ferry some time, and afterward came to be
owner of part of the west side of the square. At his death the property passed
to the children; the house burned, and the lots were sold to J. G. Hardy and
Alfred Heath. Hardy built a small brick store on his share, and Heath sold to
John and Ben. Slattery, who, in 1880, built a handsome brick structure, which
they occupy as a saloon. Lot 120 is the site of the first courthouse of the
county. It became the property of Webb, then of Hardy. Lot 129 was owned by a
Virginian, who built on it a brick store-room, which was occupied by Roup &
Morris, dry-goods merchants, and has changed hands frequently. In this Whitney
Prescott sold goods and purified liquors. On lot 130 stood some small shanties,
one of which Hawkins & Sanders occupied as early as 1835 with dry goods. William
A. Sangster obtained the lot, and erected on it two large brick stores, occupied
by Loeb with clothing and dry goods. Lot 131 had on it some poor frame
buildings. Dr. John S. Jones came to Codington in 1840, and kept drugs in one of
them. In about 1857 he built a two-story brick, now owned by Dr. Spinning as a
drug store. Fauncy Lemp occupied part of this lot with his silver shop. On lot
132 was Dr. John S. Jones' office. Michael Mayer purchased thirty-six feet of
this lot in 1840, with a frame building on it. Into this building he put a stock
of groceries, confectionery, etc., and kept a bakery. In 1866 he purchased
sixty-six feet front, and erected three large brick business rooms, now occupied
by James M. Duncan, Vale & Napir, and Isaac Deutsch. In 1877 Mr. Mayer destroyed
the frame building before mentioned, building in its place two store-rooms
20x66, occupied by Mock Brothers and Weldon. Mr. Mayer has been one of
Covington's most successful business men, and has contributed much to the
development of the place. He is now retired from business.
The northeast point lot has been occupied since an early day, and is now the
site of McGeorge's hardware establishment. John Allen early bought lot 112, on
which he built a two-story brick, which he occupied as a cabinet-shop; now
rented by M. Boord & Co. as a furniture store. The rest of the lot passed into
the hands of widow Spinning. On the east end of lot 94 was a dwelling, built by
Joseph L. Sloan soon after his arrival. This lot came into the possession of W.
C. B. Sewell. Lot 101 was once sold for $15 to William Meeke. It is now the
property of W. C. B. Sewell. Lot 83, or the southeast point lot, was owned by
George Snyder as far back as 1835. In a small frame building he sold whisky for
many years. About 1845 he tore down the frame and built a two-story brick, two
rooms, now occupied by Hardy & Reid, bankers, in the east room, and Thomas
Detrick, hardware, in the west room. On lot 75 a frame building was put up by
Frank Merrill as far back as 1830, in which he sold dry goods till about 1846.
He at that time failed in business and went to Illinois; then to Indianapolis;
then west, and died. The building stood till 1S78, when it was displaced by a
brick business house by Joseph Allen. Mr. Allen also erected large brick
buildings on the rest of the lot. Anderson White first owned lot 74, and built a
two-story frame about 1832. It came to be the property of Dr. Weldon, who has
improved it. Lot 73 was as early as 1827 secured by Wm. B. White, who erected
(for that day) a fine two-story frame dwelling, 18x36. In 1838 he sold to Dr.
John Hamilton, who lived in it six years. Dr. Hamilton sold part of it to
Nicholas Kiger, who keeps a saloon in it. Lot 72 was purchased by Dr. John
Hamilton in 1827. On this spot he built the office already mentioned, in 1828.
In 1836 he sold twenty-two feet front to Dr. Clark, who built an addition to the
office, and used it as a store. Peter H. Patterson and John Miller bought the
rest of this lot. These large brick business houses give to the public square an
appearance far different to that of even ten years ago.
Additional Comments:
Extracted from:
HISTORY OF FOUNTAIN COUNTY,
TOGETHER WITH
HISTORIC NOTES ON THE WABASH VALLEY,
GLEANED FROM EARLY AUTHORS, OLD MAPS AND MANUSCRIPTS
PRIVATE AND OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, AND OTHER AUTHENTIC, THOUGH, FOR THE MOST
PART, OUT-OF-THE-WAY SOURCES.
BY H. W. BECKWITH,
OF THE DANVILLE BAR; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETIES OF
WISCONSIN AND CHICAGO.
WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
CHICAGO: H. H. HILL AND N. IDDINGS, PUBLISHERS.
1881.
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