1.
a.A child whose parents are dead.
b.A child who has been deprived of parental care and has not
been adopted.
--
I would assume that Orhanning in the traditional sense is the loss of
OTH parents, or the loss od parental control, sometimes involuntary.
In direct relationship to grnralogy and the history of Orphans, ONE
parent is enough. many jurisdictions had an "orphans' Court" tht
assigned a guardian if the child's FATHER had died, even if the
spouse survived. in manycases traditionally the surving relict (the
widow) would be expected to stay in the hme for a limited time and
usually to remarry. whence the widow would lose her rights of
domicile.
Many times you would finnd an unmarried brother of the deceased
husband marrting the widow within a year, just to keep the home
together and prevent the estate's breaku and separation of the
children by the courts.
Usually children at the age of 14 were allwed t select their wn
guardian, and at 16 were retty much allowed to manage their own
affairs, but the courts maintained the active guardianship as wards of
the court, until they were emanicipated at 21.
The guardian would have to file a bond, and deposit fees, as good
faith towards the management of the minor's inheritance.
Numerous times the guardian would have to return to court and update
the status of the guardianship. There MAY be records of these
minutes.
Another common Orphan reference was the Orphan Trains. The children
of the eastern orphanages were "farmed out" via trains to rural
communities, as farm apprentices. The farmers would adopt these
children, and provde food, shelter, and gainful occupation' as labor
on the farms, and in some cases as labor in factories. It was really a
form of slave labor, sanctioned by the government, and ignored
until the "child labor" laws went into efffect.
The laws created to protect children from sweat shops did not apply to
farm labor.
Child labor laws that affect child labor on farms is only a recent
development.
Being an orphan is subjective to time , place, and society.
Jeffery Scism, IBSSG
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