Hello,
Would you have an idea if the Carlisle lines your writing about would later
tie into the Carlisle's of the Edgecombe/Halifax Counties of North Carolina.
My ancestor was LEVY CARLISLE, born ca 1795. He married Penny Strickland on
19 March 1822 in Halifax Co., NC.
Did you know that the name CARLISLE is one of only 7 names admited into the
the FAMILY OF BRUCE of Scotland, by their descent of the BRUCE line, Sir
William Carlisle married Margaret Bruce, sister of King Robert the Bruce of
Scotland.
I have been told by several researchers that the name CARLISLE began in the
area of Carlisle Castle, now in England. HAve you heard this?
Thank you,
Lynn R. McR. Hawkins, FSA Scot.
lhawkins(a)3wave.com
----- Original Message -----
From: "Jay & Carol Menges" <jh-cj.menges(a)worldnet.att.net>
To: <CARLISLE-L(a)rootsweb.com>
Sent: Tuesday, April 16, 2002 3:38 PM
Subject: "Sugar & Slaves, The Rise of the Planter Class in the Eng. W.
Indies, 1624-1713"--pt 4
>From pp. 79-81, Chapter 2, "Barbados: The Rise of the
Planter Class,"
still
referencing James Hay CARLISLE as the "earl of CARLISLE:
************
The rising power and confidence of the Barbados gentry in the 1640s
and
1650s is easily demonstrated by a survey of the island politics of
the
period. The English civil war gave the colonists their chance to cut
loose
from the absentee proprietor, the early of CARLISLE. In 1643 the
Barbados
Assembly stopped paying proprietary rents. That same year, James HOLDIP,
one of the first successful sugar planters, went home to ask Charles I for
"a grant that noe other Sugars may bee imported into his Majesties
Dominions
but such as are made upon the Barbadas." The colonists soon
concluded,
however, that they could do better by a free-trade policy, dealing with
traders from Amsterdam as well as London. During the civil war Gov.
Philip
BELL--originally commissioned by CARLISLE--adopted a neutral stance
toward
king and Parliament and secured effective independence from both. In 1645
the governor and Assembly convened the freeholders in each Barbados parish
to secure public approbation for this policy. "It pleased god so to
united
all their minds and harts together," BELL explained, "that
every parish
declared themselves resolutely for the maintenance of their peace and
present government; and to admitt of noe alternationes or new commissiones
from eyther side,... for against the kinge we are resolved never to be,
and
without the freindshipe of the perliament and free trade of London
ships
we
are not able to subsist" [footnote #64: "BENNETT,
"The English Caribbees,
1642-1646," *Wm. and Mary Qtly.,* 3d Ser., XXIV (1967), 367-373."].
The Barbadians were too boisterous and volatile to sustain this
neutral
pose very long. Once the fighting ended in England, the Cavalier
and
Roundhead soldiers who migrated to Barbados began to contest for control
of
the island. There ensued a series of plots and counterplots, armed
uprisings, fines, and banishments. Of the 115 identifiable colonists who
led the rival factions in this mini-civil war, only 55 had lived on
Barbados
before 1640. Half of the Roundhead leaders and more than half of
the
leading Cavaliers were newcomers, striking testimony to the changing
leadership on the island [footnote #65: "I have culled these 115 names
from
DAVIS, *Cavaliers and Roundheads,* and correlated them with the list
of
764
landholders as of 1638 in [Duke], *Memoirs,* 51-62. The for 46
leading
Cavaliers, see DAVIS, *Cavaliers and Roundheads,* 72, 81, 98, 101-139-140,
151-153, 162-163, 218-219, 256. For the 68 leading Roundheads, see
*ibid,*
145, 164-167, 171-178, 190-192."]. The political crisis reached
a climax
in
1651. On the island the Cavaliers had ousted the Roundheads, but in
England
the Commonwealth government dispatched a fleet under Sir George
AYSCUE to
reduce Barbados to obedience. AYSCUE blockaded the island for three
months,
but he lacked the strength to invade and conquer the Barbados
royalist
forces. At length in January 1652 the colonists came to terms with
AYSCUE.
They recognized the suzerainty of Parliament and accepted a
parliamentary
governor, Daniel SEARLE, in return for guarantees of continued
self-government, restoration of all confiscated property, and free trade
with the Dutch. The home government did not honor this last proviso and
did
its best to exclude the Dutch traders. Otherwise, the Barbadians
enjoyed
practical autonomy for the balance of the decade. Cavaliers and
Roundheads
settled down to making sugar. The chief planters occupied all of
the
Council and Assembly seats, while their merchant partners in London
lobbied
at Whitehall.
At the Restoration the Barbadians had to surrender much of their
economic and political independence. Charles II's government was
determined
to tie the sugar islands to England commercially by means of the
navigation
acts, so the planters had to abandon their hope of continuing to
trade
with
the Dutch. By the Restoration, also, the London price of sugar had
dropped
to half what it had been in 1640. Thus the English sugar industry
entered
a
new stage. Henceforth the planters were restricted and protected by
the
mother country's mercantilist policy. They were required to carry all of
their sugar in English ships to English ports, even though a good deal of
it
was later reexported to the Continent. They were required to buy all
of
their slaves from a monopolistic English corporation, and to buy any
non-English commodities they desired on the English market. In
compensation, of course, their sugar enjoyed a protected home market, with
prohibitive tariffs set against foreign sugars. But for the Barbados
planters, the first golden age of fresh can fields, friendly Dutch
traders,
and easy wealth was over.
Nonetheless, the Barbados lobby in London saw to it that West Indian
sugar imported to England paid low customs duties, which certainly helped
its sale. The Barbados planters asked the king to annul CARLISLE's
proprietary patent and to confirm their land purchases of the 1640s and
1650s. Charles II did this. He assumed direct control of Barbados and
sent
out Francis Lord WILLOUGHBY as his first royal governor. WILLOUGHBY
had
served previously as governor of Barbados from 1650 to 1652 and was
acceptable to most of the leading planters. In 1663 WILLOUGBY persuaded
the
Barbados Assembly to grant the king a permanent 4.5 percent duty on
all
commodities exported from the island, in order to cover the costs of crown
government. This measure has been interpreted as a surrender to royal
power, but the Barbadians had paid a similar tax to CARLISLE before 1643,
and since Charles II spent the money in England rather than applying it to
the governor's salary and other public charges on the island, the assembly
retained control over its purse strings. Though the planters disliked
being
cheated by the king, they soon recognized that the misappropriation
of the
4.5 percent duty preserved their local independence. All in all, the
Barbadians struck a pretty good bargain with Charles II [footnote #66:
"For
a full account of these developments, see HARLOW, *Barbados,* chaps.
2-4.
THORNTON, *West-India Policy,* 22-39, sees the Restoration settlement as
more of a defeat for the Barbadians than I do."].
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