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George, saw your message on the brances of your line that were in
Cleveland. My Calvert branch (one member), Cyrus Calvert, went to
Cinncinatti and had several children. There are so many Calverts there
as I looked them up at the library & sent letters to some but got no
answers. Lots of interesting stuff coming through here lately. Just
great.
Louise
Visit my Web site at:
http://www.pcisys.net/~lshaw/index.html
HI LOUISE...
Was your CYRUS CALVERT b. about 1794-1799 in MD? And, do u know WHO his
parent were ? I may have something on him ! I am Laurie Ann who JUST found
my Anne (Beckett) Calvert who was a dau of George Calvert b. 1768 d. 1838 near
Bladensburg, MD.
Anne m. Dr. John Bowie (my 3rd g-gparents)& after his death she moved around,
settled finally in Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA, and my g-pa Allen Crow Bowie
was b. in U-town, but later moved to Cleveland, OH ! I was born in Cleveland.
Hmmm... If this is the right Cyrus, then he may have been a BROTHER to my Anne
! Sure looking for the proof on this one (so will Margaret Law Callcott, the
author of Mistress of Riversdale, 1991).... !
If this is not the same Cyrus, then possibly a grandchild of mine ?
Thanx bunches...
Laurie Ann
In a message dated 98-02-18 00:08:07 EST, you write:
<< George, saw your message on the brances of your line that were in
Cleveland. My Calvert branch (one member), Cyrus Calvert, went to
Cinncinatti and had several children. There are so many Calverts there
as I looked them up at the library & sent letters to some but got no
answers. Lots of interesting stuff coming through here lately. Just
great.
Louise >>
Hi All ( and George too !)
This info was provided by George (cybercat(a)ntr.net) Calvert in yesterday's
post to the List...
In entering in all my NEW CALVERT's, I "misread" the Mistress of Riverdale
book & had entered One Too Many George Calvert's ! So, sorry...guess I got
too excited about finding them (didn't catch that the book was "defining Geoge
again" below his first entry.... So, the Geoge on Gen # 7 here is OUT ! And,
my full line is once again below...
Also, I spoke on the phone today with Mayor Ann Feguson (sp?), Mayor of
Riverdale, MD. She knows the author of the book "Mistress of Riversdale",
Margaret "Peggy" Law Callcott, and I am getting the info in as quick as I can
& will fax it to the Mayor &, she in turn, will give all my line to Peggy.
Ann asked me if I had any family in Ohio, and she was quite surprised to find
out that I was born & raised in Cleveland, OH. Seems that Peggy has traced
part of my line into Ohio but lost the trail there. So, with the info that
Peggy has, along with mine, we may just add to this Calvert line real quick !
I'll keep you all informed incase u have some link that u don't know about.
Well, can happen... I just confirmed my line with Peggy's info in her book !
So, u never know !
Thanx.. Hope some one has a connection to my "newfound" Calvert line !
Laurie Ann (Kozelka) Bieber
Sarasota, FL
6 BENEDICT SWINGATE CALVERT
b: 1724 d: 1788
........................ +ELIZABETH CALVERT b:
1730 d: 1798 Father: CHARLES CALVERT,
Gov. Mother: ...................... 7 GEORGE
CALVERT d: 1788 in (pg 379, Mistress of
Riversdale). .......................... 8
GEORGE B. CALVERT b: Feb-1768 in Mt. Airy, MD
(born in Feb, pg 359 M of R book) d: in Possibly
Bladensburg,Prince George's Co., MD-pg 379
===========================
Ann Ferguson ALSO stated that they do not know anything about George Calvert
that m. Rosalie Eugenia Calvert having a "middle name or initial"... So the
info I have on that from Fayette Co., PA may NOT pan out ! But, I'll leave it
in there for now.
Direct Descendants of GEORGE CALVERT, 1st Lord Baltimore
1 GEORGE CALVERT, 1st Lord Baltimore b: Abt. 1578 d: Apr-15-1632
.... +ANNE MYNNE b: Nov-20-1579 d: Aug-12-1622 m: Nov-22-1604 in St.
Peter's, Cornhill, London Father: GEORGE MYNNE, SIR Mother: ELIZABETH WROTH
.. 2 CECIL (CECILIUS) CALVERT, 2nd Lord Baltimore b: Abt. Mar-2-1605 in
England (abt 1605/1606) d: Nov-30-1675 in England
........ +ANNE ARUNDELL b: in England d: Jul-23-1649 in England Father:
THOMAS ARUNDELL, BARON ARUNDELL Mother: ANNE PHILIPSON
...... 3 CHARLES CALVERT, 3rd Lord Baltimore b: Aug-27-1637 in England
............ +MARY DARNALL Father: Mother:
.......... 4 BENEDICT LEONARD CALVERT, 4th Lord Baltimore d: Apr-16-1715
in Epson, Surrey, England
.............. 5 CHARLES CALVERT, 5th Lord Baltimore b: Sep-29-1699 d:
Apr-24-1751 in (made his home in Mt. Airy, MD, where he died, pg 160 MD.
Gen's, Vol II, 1980)
.............. *2nd Wife of CHARLES CALVERT, 5th Lord Baltimore:
.................... +Charles5thLordUnknownWfie ______ Calvert b: Bef. 1710
in (possibly a dau of King George II), pg 160 MD Gen.'s Vol. II,
1980 Father: Mother:
.................. 6 BENEDICT SWINGATE CALVERT b: Abt. 1724 d: Jan-9-1788
in Mt. Airy, MD
........................ +ELIZABETH CALVERT b: 1730 d: 1798 m:
Apr-21-1748 Father: CHARLES CALVERT, Gov. Mother: REBECCA GERRARD
...................... 7 GEORGE B. (Benedict?) CALVERT b: Feb-2-1768 in
Mt. Airy, MD (born in Feb, pg 359 M of R book)-found him ! (2-14-1998) d:
Jan-28-1838 in Near his home in Bladensburg,Prince George's Co., MD-pg
379
............................ +ELEANOR "NELLIE or CHARLOTTE" BECKETT b: in
(Mistress of Riversdale book, pg 379) m: in PARTNERS IN MD-(Mistress of
Riversdale book, pg 379) Father: Mother:
.......................... 8 ANN(E) (BECKETT) CALVERT b: 1790 in
Bladensburg, Md- moved to Fayette County, PA (Uniontown in 1835). d: 1856 in
Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA- Will probated 1856.
................................ +JOHN BOWIE, DR. b: Sep-11-1769 in
"Hermitage (Bowie estate) Montgomery Co., MD d: Feb-17-1825 in MD at age
55 Father: ALLEN BOWIE, Col., JR. Mother: RUTH CRAMPHIN
.............................. 9 JOHN R. BOWIE b: 1818-1819 in MD - Listed
as 49 years old on 1870 census/28 on 1850 Census d: Sep-1-1874 in PA
.................................... +SARAH COX b: 1821 in Millsboro,
Washington Co., PA- 48 yrs old 1870 Census/28 on 1850 Census d: Jan-13-1899 in
Lucien's home, Highland Ave, Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA Bur. Old Baptist bur
grd m: Abt. 1838 Father: Mother:
.................................. 10 LUCIEN O. BOWIE b: Sep-1853 in
Uniontown, PA - Listed as 17 yrs old on 1870 Census d: Apr-6-1909 in
Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA - bur. Old Baptist Cem, Uniontown, PA
.................................. *2nd Wife of LUCIEN O. BOWIE:
........................................ +ELIZABETH JANE CROW b:
Mar-11-1870 in PA (1910 census) , family Bible d: Apr-16-1959 in Uniontown,
Fayette Co., PA, bur. in Park Place Cem., Uniontown, PA m: 1894 in Uniontown,
Fayette Co., PA Father: ElizabethFather Crow Mother: ElizaethMother Crow
...................................... 11 ALLEN CROW BOWIE b: Oct-21-1898
in Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA d: Apr-22-1971 in Bur. Red Hill Cem.,
Hodgenville, KY
............................................ +ANNA LENA TRADUP b: 1898 in
Uniontown, Fayette Co., PA d: Dec-4-1937 in Cleveland, OH-St. Lukes Hospital,
buried in Sylvan Hts., Cem., Uniontown, PA m: Nov-20-1918 Father: JOHANN
LUDWIG TRADUP Mother: SOPHIA "SOPHIE" WILHELMENIA KOCH
.......................................... 12 BETTIE ELEANOR BOWIE b:
Jan-9-1921 in Cleveland, OH d: Jun-21-1966 in Garfield Heights, OH
................................................ +JOSEPH BLASE KOZELKA b:
Jan-25-1922 in Cleveland, OH d: Jul-30-1988 in Sarasota, FL-died after 7
months of complications from a stroke on 12-25-1987 m: Feb-14-1942 in St.
Thomas Aquinas Roman Catholic Church, Cleveland, OH Father: JOSEPH OTTO
KOZELKA Mother: JOSEPHINE BULAN
.............................................. 13 LAURIE ANN KOZELKA b:
Dec-29-1955 in Garfield Heights, OH- Marymount Hospital (Raised in Maple Hts.,
Cuyahoga Co., OH
.............................................. + Frederick Hugh Bieber b:
Jan-11-1956 in Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., OH
...................................... *2nd Wife of ALLEN CROW BOWIE:
...................................... *3rd Wife of ALLEN CROW BOWIE:
...................... *1st Wife of GEORGE B. (Benedict?) CALVERT: (This is
Rosalie Eugenia Stier)
I am searching for information on Johathan Calvert b. 1790 d. 1871
Marshfield, Al.
Jonathan married Sara Moon in 1817. She died in Hill Co Tx on 28 Apr 1867.
The only child that we know of is Sarah Ann Paralee Calvert b. 13 Mar 1833 in
Madison Co. Al. Sarah Ann married George W. Ince in Green Co. Mo. in 1854.
If anyone sees a connection, please Email HWood37068(a)aol.com.
34
Another family closely allied with the Calverts were the Smithsons. George
Calvert's sister Dorothy married Christopher Smithson of 14oulton, North
Riding. Grace, a daughter of this union, married into the Conyers family,
while a younger member married a Fairfax, one of the most influential families
in Yorkshire. Sons of Christopher and Dorothy Smithson were named Leonard,
Calvert and George.
Later a member of this family was to have many
financial 25
dealings with successive Lords Baltimore.
Though these glimpses of the Calvert environment yield us small satisfaction,
they are precious rays of light in the gloom of sixteenth century family and
social history. The great families had their castles or manor houses, their
muniments., their stores of documents, letters and even diaries; their
imposing portraits, and full-length effigies upon their marble tombs. Their
history is documented at a thousand points. The rank and file of gentle folk,
lacking great lands and royal, political or ecclesiastical preferment, left in
their scanty annals little besides honorable names and inheritance to their
descendants.
When, however, a member of such a family has emerged into the glare of London
and the life of the court, especially when he has attained high office and
played a part on a wider stage, his footprints are readily traced. As young
George Calvert enters his teens his record grows clearer and soon can be
followed year by year. The present account broadens the history already known
by showing the Catholic atmosphere
35
of his home and the experiences he met with in the name of religion.
36
SUPPLEMENT
The orders of the Yorkshire High Commission relating to Leonard Calvert and
his family, as abstracted by Father Aveling from the Act Books, are as
follows:
1580
Aug. 11 Leonard Calverde de Kyplinge, gent, his wife and whole family, put on
bond to conform himself in religion. Book 17, 1580-1585o f- 18-
Oct. 3 -- Leonard Calvard of Kypling, gent. Thomas Todd brought certificate
that Calvert had conformed. Dismissed this time but to be called again.
Ibid,, f, 39 v,
1581
Jan. 16 -- Leonard Calvard de Kypling, gent, due to certify reception of
Communion today. Non comparuit nee cortificavit [He did not appear nor did he
certify]. Ibid., f. 71.
1583
July 19 -- Leonard Calvert de Kipling, armiger, put on bond for the conformity
of himself, wife and family on Aug. 11, 1580. He had once certified their
going to church by his man, who was told a further certificate was wanted
after Christmas, but none was sent in. Calvert appeared in court and was
enjoined to certify on the Monday after Michaelmas [:Sept. 29] that he, his
wife and family had communicated. Ibid., f. 214-
37
Oct. I -- Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gent. No appearance. His attachment
ordered. Ibid., f. 228 v.
1592
Oct. 9 -- Leonard Calvert de Kipling, gent, and Grace his wife. He came and
took bond that he, his wife and family would conform to the established
religion. The bond forbids him to have Catholic servants or schoolmaster in
his house. He is to buy inside a month a Book of Common Prayer, a Bible in
English, Mr. Nowellts Catechism in English and one other book, as Calvints
Institution, Dr. Bilson's book, the Ursinus Catechism, or Dr. Reynolds'
Conference with Hart, to lie open in his home for everyone to read, and to
provide for his children Nowell's Catechism in Latin or Greek, as their
schoolmaster shall appoint. He is to have hereafter no popish books or other
trumpery or reliques of popery, and his children will be kept at school at
York and not leave there without licence from the Archbishop of York. Book 3,
1591-1595, f. 83.
oot. 23 -- Leonard Calvert, gent, bonded in-BlOO that George Calvert and
Christopher Calvert, his sons, shall hereafter learn with Mr. Fowberry now
schoolmaster at Bilton and shall not depart from him without licence, If
required, he is to bring them in to the Commissioners once a quarter to see
how they perfect in learning. Ibid.,, f- 84-
Dec. 4 -- Certificate that Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gent, had communicated
was sent by Ralph Swadals; it was accepted after Swadala had sworn to its
truth.
38
1593
April 23 -- Grace, wife of Leonard Calvert de Kipling, gent, ordered to appear
in court today unless she sands a certificate that she has communicated. She
appeared in court but had not
received communion and refused to do so. She was committed
prisoner to custody of the Pursuivant Southwood unless Eshe
agreed]. Ibid., f. 110 v.
April 24 -- Milo Pickering of Holaugh, yeoman, took bond in
-L20 that Grace Calvert, wife of Leonard, gent, now released
from Thomas Southwoodts custody, would go to receive communion before Monday
after Trinity Sunday, and would certify to that affect er else appear in
court. Ibid., f. 112 v. MM 13 -- Robert Calvert de Durham, cleric, appeared
and took bond that Christopher and George Calvert, sons of Leonard, gent,
(late scholars to one Mr Fobray, scolemaister late at Bilton and now going to
Hull to teach school there) should hereafter learn with the same Robert
Calvert, clerk, or Nicholas Anderson, scholemaister of Robert Kay's house,
gent, and not depart from there without licence of the Commissioners. Ibid,
J'uns 11 -- Grace, wife of Leonard Calvert de Kipling, appeared and Milo
Pickering took bond in-L20 for her to appear Monday after Michaelmas unless
she sands a certificate of her communion. Ibid., 113 v.
Sept. 13 -- Nicholas Anderson, ludimagister rsehoolmastar3
at Linton was inhibited not to teach any further in the house of Robert Kay of
Linton in regard that having taught the popish primer heretofore to his
scholars, and being convicted
39
thereof by his own confession and having made promise upon licence granted him
again to teach, to make amends for his former evil behaviour, he yet
notwithstanding his allowance to teach in the said Kay's house, hath never
taught his scholars the catechism nor any principles of religion now
established. He might teach in the house of t4r. Snawsdall of Bilton, gent,
if Snawsdall likes. Ibid.,, f. 126 v. Oct. 9 -- Grace wife of Leonard Calvert
of Kipling. Quo die Eil-C -- no further record]. Ibido, f. 129 v.
40
NOTES CHAPTER I
1. Letter of Sept. 12, 1630, Strafford Papers, 12, f. 136, Sheffield City
Libraries, by the kind permission of Earl Fitzwilliam.
2. Wills, Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, York, hereafter cited
"Borthwick"; also Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, IV (1888),
XIV (1893), XIX (189.5), XXII (1897), XXIV (1898), XXVI (1899);North Rid@
Record Society, Quarter Sessions, Records I, II, (1884); Yorkshire Parish
Register Society, Publications, XLII, XLIII (1911-1912). See also
Administrations in Appendixes of each volume. Other series consulted are
Surtees Society, Publications, vols. XXVI, CII, CX; Thoresby Society,
Publications, vol. XIX.
3. Confirmation of arms to Sir George Calvert, Dec. 3. 1622. Calvert Paper
No. 31@, Maryland Historical Society.
4- Modern Scholars, however, contend that the origin of the name is calfherd,
descriptive of the occupation in medieval times of certain farm retainers.
This may well be so; or it may apply to some of the Calverts and not to all.
P.H. Reaney, A Dictionary of British Surnames (London, 1958); correspondence
with Dr. A.R. Wagner, Richmond Herald, 1960, at 14aryland Historical Society.
Dr. Wagner prefers the calfhard theory.
41
5. Wills and Administrations, as in note 2.
6. Calendar of Richmond Wills, 1570, OR 176w, Central Library, Leeds. John
Calvert is again mentioned in a legal action, Calendar of Richmond Wills,
1570, TRAW.
7, Wills, Vol. 17, f- 434, Borthwick. Yorkshire Arch. Soc., Rae. 3er., XIV,
28.
8. Roger Dodsworth, "Yorkshire Chukch Notes," Yorkshire Arch. Soc,,, Rae.
Sor., XXXIV (1904), 234. Note dated 1622,
90 North Riding Record Office, Northallarton, Yorks., Quarter Sessions, Lame
Soldiers Book 34V-35. For this
I am indebted to Mr. C.K. Croft Andrews, County Archivist, Northallarton.
Also in North Riding Record Society, II, 278, 282. The present owner of
Kiplin, Miss Bridget Talbot, has deposited the estate papers at the North
Riding Record Office. They yield little pertinent information about the
family at this period,
10. This view is supported by the antiquary B.L. Hearne, who at Oxford was an
intimate friend of Benedict Leonard Calvert, F.R.S., son of the third Lord
Baltimoroo Calvert's record, endorsed by Hearne, 'This pedigree was drawn up
and written (with his own hand) by the Honble Benedict Leonard Calvert, Esq.
who gave it me on Mond, Sept. 1, 1718," begins with the union of Leonard
Calvert with "Alicia daughter & Heiress of John Crosland of
42
Crosland." Hearne in his diary further elaborated in chart form the Calvert
pedigree, ornamented with the arms of the family through five generations,
where he repeats the Leonard-Alicia marriage, but omits the name of her
father. Both records, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, (Rawlinson 67, f. 12,
and 82, f. 129) were later utilized by William Paver whose beautiful charts
(in the British Museum, Additional MS 29, f. 647, 784 and 128v) under
'tcalvert" and"Crosland" straddle the problem by
giving the name of Alice in the former and Grace in the
lattar. On the other hand, the so-called Visitation of
1612 by Sir Richard St, George (printed in Sir William
Glover, Visitation of Yorkshire . , - 1584-1585, edited
by Joseph Foster, London, 1875) shows Grace Crosland the
wife of Leonard (P- 509)- Yet at P, 500, sub "Calvert
t of Danby Wiske," Foster has included the Leonard-Alice
union. I am informed by Dr. Wagner that this version
r- comes from Harlaian MS 1487, British Museum, and is not
the work of a qualified genealogist. It was not taken
from a Visitation. Anthony a Wood, Athenae Oxonionses,
0
(London, 1721), probably depending on Hearne, calls the
mother Alice. Sir William Dugdale's official Visitation
of Yorkshire, 1655, with Additions, edited by J.W. Clay,
(Exeter, 1899), I, 181-182, makes Grace the wife of
Leonard Calvert, without referring to Offspring. See also
The Genealogist, n.s,, XII, 200. That Alice and Grace
rt
were cousins in a near degree seems entirely probable.
43
11. The earliest use of the combined Calvart-Crosland arms occurs, so far as
the writer knows, on the coat decorating the map in A Relation of Maryland, a
promotion tract published in 1635 by Cecil, second Lord Baltimore. A
commentary on the Alice or Grace confusion by the late Francis B. Culver
appeared in the Maryland Historical Magazine, XXIX (1934), 330-331. He
pointed out that Grace Crosland had brothers who continued the line of her
family; she was not an heiress and therefore could not transmit the arms to
her descendants. It is safe to conclude that Cecil, second baron, a grandson,
would not have used the Crosland device without justification.
12. Yorkshire High Commission Act Book 3 (1591-1595), f. 83t Borthwick.
13. Wills, vol. 23, f. 623, Borthwick; Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire, I,
181-182. A search of the register of All Saints Church, Almondbury, disclosed
the baptismal entry of Grace Crosland, That of Alice was not found.
14. Abstract of this and other entries supplied by the Rev. Hugh Aveling,
O.S.B., to whom the author is greatly indebted. The full record from the High
Commission Act Books, as supplied by Father Aveling, is given in the
Supplement to this chapter.
15. High Com. A. B. 3, f. 112v, Borthwick, April 24, 1593.
44
16. Conyers Read, Lord Burlaigh and QueenIEli 1960), p. 237, 247, 421,
489-490-
17. High Com. A. B. 3, f. 126v, Borthwick, Sept. 13, llc
la. Ibid., f. 113v and 129v. Father Aveling remarks that "The gap in Calvert
prosecutions 1583-1592 coincides fairly well with a slackening of persecution.
The 15921593 strong persecution was part of a very severe governmental drive.
The abrupt cessation of entries in 1593 is odd, since the drive went on for
several more years." A list of Yorkshire recusants made in 1595, among the
Cecil MSS, at Hatfield House, contains no Calverts (Letter of Father Aveling,
dated November 1, 1960.)
19. Edward Peacock, List of Roman Catholics in the County of York in 1604
(London, 1872), p. 69.
20. Will in Somerset House, Prerogative Court, Canterbury, Wood 74. John
Morels comment on this will, Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report on the
Manuscripts of the Marquess of Downshire, III (1938), 139. The names and
relationships of Ewenst Calvert and other kin set forth in his will have made
possible considerable additions to the Calvert pedigree. The will has been
given in full in the book, Descendants of Virginia Calverts, by the late Ella
F. O'Gorman (privately printed, 1947), p. 2-4. The printed version has been
verified by the present writer.
45
21. Victoria History of the Counties o-f England, Yorkshire North Riding, I
(1914), 307,
22. Ibid.
23. Calvert Papers 25, 28, Md. Hist. Soc.: Yorkshire Pines for the Stuart
Period, II (Yorkshire Arch. Soo., Rec. Ser. LVIII) (1917), 62; Victoria
History, Yorkshire, North Riding, I, 172.
24- Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, 1603-1610#
P. 34. Ewenst marriage, J. L. Chester, Marriage Licenses Issued by the Bishop
of London, 1520 to 1610, I, (Harleian Society Publications, XXV) (1887).
25. Dugdale, 22. cit-, III, 492-493; James R aine, "A Notice of Henry
Jenkins," Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, I (1870)
129-131.
46
All of this information is form the book George Calvert the younger Years, By
James foster Available from the Maryland State archives Annapolis Maryland
10. This view is supported by the antiquary B.L. Hearne, who at Oxford was an
intimate friend of Benedict Leonard Calvert, F.R.S., son of the third Lord
Baltimoroo Calvert's record, endorsed by Hearne, 'This pedigree was drawn up
and written (with his own hand) by the Honble Benedict Leonard Calvert, Esq.
who gave it me on Mond, Sept. 1, 1718," begins with the union of Leonard
Calvert with "Alicia daughter & Heiress of John Crosland of
42
Crosland." Hearne in his diary further elaborated in chart form the Calvert
pedigree, ornamented with the arms of the family through five generations,
where he repeats the Leonard-Alicia marriage, but omits the name of her
father. Both records, in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, (Rawlinson 67, f. 12,
and 82, f. 129) were later utilized by William Paver whose beautiful charts
(in the British Museum, Additional MS 29, f. 647, 784 and 128v) under
'tcalvert" and"Crosland" straddle the problem by
giving the name of Alice in the former and Grace in the
lattar. On the other hand, the so-called Visitation of
1612 by Sir Richard St, George (printed in Sir William
Glover, Visitation of Yorkshire . , - 1584-1585, edited
by Joseph Foster, London, 1875) shows Grace Crosland the
wife of Leonard (P- 509)- Yet at P, 500, sub "Calvert
t of Danby Wiske," Foster has included the Leonard-Alice
union. I am informed by Dr. Wagner that this version
r- comes from Harlaian MS 1487, British Museum, and is not
the work of a qualified genealogist. It was not taken
from a Visitation. Anthony a Wood, Athenae Oxonionses,
0
(London, 1721), probably depending on Hearne, calls the
mother Alice. Sir William Dugdale's official Visitation
of Yorkshire, 1655, with Additions, edited by J.W. Clay,
(Exeter, 1899), I, 181-182, makes Grace the wife of
Leonard Calvert, without referring to Offspring. See also
The Genealogist, n.s,, XII, 200. That Alice and Grace
rt
were cousins in a near degree seems entirely probable.
43
11. The earliest use of the combined Calvart-Crosland arms occurs, so far as
the writer knows, on the coat decorating the map in A Relation of Maryland, a
promotion tract published in 1635 by Cecil, second Lord Baltimore. A
commentary on the Alice or Grace confusion by the late Francis B. Culver
appeared in the Maryland Historical Magazine, XXIX (1934), 330-331. He
pointed out that Grace Crosland had brothers who continued the line of her
family; she was not an heiress and therefore could not transmit the arms to
her descendants. It is safe to conclude that Cecil, second baron, a grandson,
would not have used the Crosland device without justification.
12. Yorkshire High Commission Act Book 3 (1591-1595), f. 83t Borthwick.
13. Wills, vol. 23, f. 623, Borthwick; Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire, I,
181-182. A search of the register of All Saints Church, Almondbury, disclosed
the baptismal entry of Grace Crosland, That of Alice was not found.
14. Abstract of this and other entries supplied by the Rev. Hugh Aveling,
O.S.B., to whom the author is greatly indebted. The full record from the High
Commission Act Books, as supplied by Father Aveling, is given in the
Supplement to this chapter.
15. High Com. A. B. 3, f. 112v, Borthwick, April 24, 1593.
44
16. Conyers Read, Lord Burlaigh and QueenIEli 1960), p. 237, 247, 421,
489-490-
17. High Com. A. B. 3, f. 126v, Borthwick, Sept. 13, llc
la. Ibid., f. 113v and 129v. Father Aveling remarks that "The gap in Calvert
prosecutions 1583-1592 coincides fairly well with a slackening of persecution.
The 15921593 strong persecution was part of a very severe governmental drive.
The abrupt cessation of entries in 1593 is odd, since the drive went on for
several more years." A list of Yorkshire recusants made in 1595, among the
Cecil MSS, at Hatfield House, contains no Calverts (Letter of Father Aveling,
dated November 1, 1960.)
19. Edward Peacock, List of Roman Catholics in the County of York in 1604
(London, 1872), p. 69.
20. Will in Somerset House, Prerogative Court, Canterbury, Wood 74. John
Morels comment on this will, Historical Manuscripts Commission, Report on the
Manuscripts of the Marquess of Downshire, III (1938), 139. The names and
relationships of Ewenst Calvert and other kin set forth in his will have made
possible considerable additions to the Calvert pedigree. The will has been
given in full in the book, Descendants of Virginia Calverts, by the late Ella
F. O'Gorman (privately printed, 1947), p. 2-4. The printed version has been
verified by the present writer.
45
21. Victoria History of the Counties o-f England, Yorkshire North Riding, I
(1914), 307,
22. Ibid.
23. Calvert Papers 25, 28, Md. Hist. Soc.: Yorkshire Pines for the Stuart
Period, II (Yorkshire Arch. Soo., Rec. Ser. LVIII) (1917), 62; Victoria
History, Yorkshire, North Riding, I, 172.
24- Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, 1603-1610#
P. 34. Ewenst marriage, J. L. Chester, Marriage Licenses Issued by the Bishop
of London, 1520 to 1610, I, (Harleian Society Publications, XXV) (1887).
25. Dugdale, 22. cit-, III, 492-493; James R aine, "A Notice of Henry
Jenkins," Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, I (1870)
129-131.
46
that
Leonard Calvert and wife Grace in 1592 were summoned by the 12 Commission to
answer charges of religious nonconformity.
Of Grace Crosland, daughter of Thomas, of Crosland Hill near Almondbury,
something more is to be found. Since her baptism appears in the register of
the established church at Almondbury on February 8, 1573, presumably at a
tender age,
she could not have been a mother in 1580. She is mentioned 13 in the will of
her father, a yoomin, who died in 1587.
Like the Yorkshire Calverts, however, the Croalands were numerous and their
family relationships defy understanding.
The name is legion today in the same area, and Crosland
place-names &bound -- Crosland Hall, Crosland Hill, Crosland
Edge, and so on -- while in the churchyard of Huddersfield,
the nearby metropolis, we find rank on rank of tombs of departed Croolands.
Consequently, search for more light on Alias and Grace and their relation to
each other has to be abandoned, complicated as it is by the lack of reliable
birth,
27
death and marriage records of Roman Catholics, as many if not all of the
Calverts and Croslands war*. Anglican clerks and vicars often failed to make
entries and confused the Christian names of their parishioners. Spelling of
names was largely phonetic. The churches at Danby Wiske and at Bolton-on-
Swale, both but a few miles from Kiplia, have no records prior to 1600. If
they were made, they have been lost. Catholics were married privately and had
their young baptized surreptitiously by priests who travelled by night and hid
by day, usually avoiding or neglecting any formal record.
The Yorkshire High Commission summons of October, 1592, to Leonard and Grace
Calvert was by no means the first effort to compel their compliance in
worship, nor was it to be the last. Frequently in the years 1580 to 1594 this
couple was pressed to conform to Anglican practice. Leonard in 1580 submitted
a certificate that he had conformed -- whether by church attendance or taking
communion does notappear -- and two years later gave bond that he and his wife
(whose name was not stated) would communicate within a given time. When proof
that they had done so was not forthcoming, he was forced to give a new bond
for compliance with this order. Again he failed to obey and attachment of his
person was ordered by the Commission, Here the records are silent. Whether he
was actually imprisoned or obtained release by paying a fine is not known.
The next entry relating to him is dated October 9, 1592, and may be abstracted
as follows:
28
Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gentleman, and Grace his wife, before the High
Commission. Leonard took bond that he would have no Catholic servants or
Catholic teacher for his children, and would buy within a month a Book of
Common Prayer, a Bible in English and a catechism, all to lie open in his
house "for everyone to read." All "Popish books or other trumpery or relics of
Popery" were to be dispensed
with. His children were to be put to school in York and not 14 to leave
without license from the Archbishop of York.
Two of these children -- probably the only offspring at this time -- were
George and Christopher, named later in another order by the same authority.
The boys, doubtless full brothers about 12 and 10 years old, respectively, are
now to 'learn with Mr. Fowberry at Bilton" and to appear once every quarter
before the commissioners to see 'thow they perfect in learning."
When Mr. Fowberry soon after removed to Hull, one Robert Calvert, minister of
Durham, went bond in the amount of-ElOO that George and Christopher would
study either with himself
or with Nicholas Anderson at Linton. Though a small degree 15 of choice was
given, the picture of oppression is clear.
Since the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536, when the Roman Catholic sentiment in
Yorkshire disclosed itself in an uprising of frightening proportions and was
brutally dealt with by Henry VIII and his military leaders, the county had
been rent by religious quarrels. Many prominent families, including peers of
the realm, had sought to avoid the fines and disabilities imposed upon them as
Catholics. Sometimes the
29
authorities winked at nonconformity till a lay or clerical busybody turned
informer against laggards and brought harsh retribution. Sometimes relatives
or friends in high places interposed and enabled the nonconformist, or even
the hardpressed recusant, to escape punishment. Such instances were not rare.
Often they reflect the unwillingness of Queen Elizabeth or of local officers
to impose fines or worse upon the people, for under constant pressure from
officials of church and state many turned more and more toward the state
religion. Time, it was hoped, might work further improvement. Prominent at
court were many Catholic lords who gave merest lip service and often not oven
that, to the Anglican hierarchy.
The device of taking children from Catholic homes and
16
placing them under the tutelage of Protestants was a now one,
That it was not always successful is shown by the fact that the next year the
Commission found Nicholas Anderson, one of their chosen tutors, guilty by his
own confession of using
the "Popish primer." He was required to leave Linton and 17 take up
instruction elsewhere.
Nor were this snatching away of his children and being compelled to purchase
and display Protestant books the only interferences visited upon Leonard
Calvert. In December, 1592, he was obliged to certify to the Commission that
he had communicated in the Anglican Church, and in the following spring
pressures mounted to force his wife to do the same. If she should not comply,
she was to be the prisoner of one of the Commission's agents, that is, to be
removed to his house and remain there. Next day, however, one Milo Pickering
30
went her bond in the sum of E2O that she would conform no later than Monday
after Trinity Sunday. But on June 11 she was still a hold-out, and
Pickeringla bond was renewed in her presence with the proviso that she
communicate no later than Michaelmas following (September 29). The last we
hear
is that her case was called in October, but neither punish-
la
Mont nor acquittal is recorded.
The most memorable public event in young Goorge's childhood was, of course,
the destruction of the Spanish Armada, Then 8 years of age, the boy must have
heard of the preparations, long under way, to fend oft the enemy. When at
last beacon fires throughout England gave the alarm, and suspense lay heavy in
every mind, great must have been the relief as word of the destruction wrought
by Drake and the providential scattering of the mighty Armada spread through
the countryside. Since Kiplin lies but 30 miles southeast of the seacoast at
Middlesbrough, there may well have been tales of wreckage that went from mouth
to mouth through all the country.
Of Kiplin mansion or hall of this early period no picture or description
remains, It may have been of the medieval fortified type, possibly small,
certainly illlighted and probably unpretentious. A more modern house,
commodious, convenient and handsome, Sir George in 1622 undertook to build for
the enjoyment of himself and his family when he should retire from court and
statecraft, a hope that was dashed first by the death of his wife and then by
his ardor for colonizing in America. Remote even today,
31
Kiplin stands 220 miles from London and 30 miles from York. Its occupants in
the seventeenth century were not acquainted with affairs in London, the court
intrigues, the gossip, the newsmongers, the customs and fashions of the day.
Letters by mounted couriers took several days each way. Certain of the
Yorkshire leaders, both political and social, were frequent visitors to the
capital and some of them maintained residences there, but the tone of the
county was set rather by the substantial gentry, the holders of office
-members of the Council of the North and those of Parliament -- such noblemen
as merited respect, and the higher clergy the bishops and deans. The gentry
were numerous, forming the backbone of county society. There is reason to
believe that the Calverts of Kiplin were of moderate circumstances. We know
that means were found to send George to Oxford University and on finishing his
studies ha seems to have made a prolonged tour of the Continent.
Grace, the wife of Leonard Calvert, appears briefly once more. She declined
to be a communicant at Easter, 1604, and
19
was fined. The inference is that she had conformed to the extent of attending
church but would rather pay a fine than accept the Anglican communion. It was
presumably she who was mentioned as the wife of Leonard in the will of his
nephew, Ralph Ewens, clerk of the House of Commons, when he 20
died in 1611. Goorgets brother Christopher also fails to emerge from the
shadows.
If the religious atmosphere of Leonard Calvert's home was ambiguous, it could
scarcely be thought unusual for the
32
time. Though no wind of Puritanism blow through it, as happened with many
families of England, the struggle between Rome and Canterbury allowed ample
room for quarrels. Leonard had been named treasurer of the Lame Soldiers'
Fund, as we have seen. The election for a term of one year was made by the
justices of the shire at the quarter sessions in Richmond on July 12, 1602.
This fund for the relief of needy soldiers and mariners was raised by the
churchwardens and turned over to the high constables. They in turn handed it
over to the Treasurer who disbursed it. At the and of his term of office
Leonard accounted to the justices for b24-18-10 that had passed through his
hands, and was discharged from further duty. Evidently he enjoyed the
confidence of the local authorities. The cessation of persecution in 1593
together with the appointment to office in 1602 seem to prove that Leonard
abandoned Catholicism. Yet, as we have also seen, his wife a year or so later
was to be fined for non-communicating. Perhaps in these two events there is
an explanation of his son George's conformity in religion throughout his early
life and his official career at court.
The Kiplin (or Kipling) estate had belonged to the dissolved Abbey of St,
Agatha, a monastic foundation of the twelfth century near Richmond. After the
Abbey's suppression by Henry VIII, Its lands passed by royal grants into
various hands. In 1557 Kiplin was given by Philip and Mary to Henry
21
Lord Scrope, who in turn sold it to Philip Lord Wharton, Kiplin apparently was
never owned by Leonard Calvert, for we find in December, 1619, a license
issued by James I permitting
33
Philip Lord Wharton and his son Sir Thomas to sell the estate to George
Calvert, secretary of state and "faithful counselor." The transaction was
completed the following
22
year, This purchase included not only the "mansion ]4ouse," water mill, a
village of 8 houses, a chapel and chapel ground, but also a tract of land in
Moulton, about six miles from Kiplin. These, however, were not George
Calvert's first acquisitions in Richmondshire. In 1616 ha had bought the
Manor of Danby Wiske, five miles eastward, in association with his
brother-in-law George Mynne and his secretary and future son23
in-law William Peaselay. His interest in his native 3oil,
sentimental as we have seen, was based also on a considerable financial
commitment.
The circle of the Calverts at Kiplin included a few relatives who appear in
historical records and throw further sidelights on their associations.
Noteworthy among them is Ralph Ewens, already mentioned, a member of Gray's
Inn, who died, childless, in 1611. Ewens in 1603 had been appointed auditor
of the Queenl3 properties by Sir Robert Cecil, Lord Treasurer. He married the
widow of a rich goldsmith and in his will left rememberances to a long list of
relatives including his uncle, Leonard Calvert and his wife, unnamed; his
grandmother, "Mistress Margerie Calvert," his uncle and aunt Branthwalts, and
his cousins George, Christopher and Samuel Calvert. To George he left 40
shillings for a memorial ring, and the execution of certain provisions. We
gather
that Ewens' old home was in South Cowton, Yorkshire, but four 24
miles from Kiplin.
If the religious atmosphere of Leonard Calvert's home was ambiguous, it could
scarcely be thought unusual for the
32
time. Though no wind of Puritanism blow through it, as happened with many
families of England, the struggle between Rome and Canterbury allowed ample
room for quarrels. Leonard had been named treasurer of the Lame Soldiers'
Fund, as we have seen. The election for a term of one year was made by the
justices of the shire at the quarter sessions in Richmond on July 12, 1602.
This fund for the relief of needy soldiers and mariners was raised by the
churchwardens and turned over to the high constables. They in turn handed it
over to the Treasurer who disbursed it. At the and of his term of office
Leonard accounted to the justices for b24-18-10 that had passed through his
hands, and was discharged from further duty. Evidently he enjoyed the
confidence of the local authorities. The cessation of persecution in 1593
together with the appointment to office in 1602 seem to prove that Leonard
abandoned Catholicism. Yet, as we have also seen, his wife a year or so later
was to be fined for non-communicating. Perhaps in these two events there is
an explanation of his son George's conformity in religion throughout his early
life and his official career at court.
The Kiplin (or Kipling) estate had belonged to the dissolved Abbey of St,
Agatha, a monastic foundation of the twelfth century near Richmond. After the
Abbey's suppression by Henry VIII, Its lands passed by royal grants into
various hands. In 1557 Kiplin was given by Philip and Mary to Henry
21
Lord Scrope, who in turn sold it to Philip Lord Wharton, Kiplin apparently was
never owned by Leonard Calvert, for we find in December, 1619, a license
issued by James I permitting
33
Philip Lord Wharton and his son Sir Thomas to sell the estate to George
Calvert, secretary of state and "faithful counselor." The transaction was
completed the following
22
year, This purchase included not only the "mansion ]4ouse," water mill, a
village of 8 houses, a chapel and chapel ground, but also a tract of land in
Moulton, about six miles from Kiplin. These, however, were not George
Calvert's first acquisitions in Richmondshire. In 1616 ha had bought the
Manor of Danby Wiske, five miles eastward, in association with his
brother-in-law George Mynne and his secretary and future son23
in-law William Peaselay. His interest in his native 3oil,
sentimental as we have seen, was based also on a considerable financial
commitment.
The circle of the Calverts at Kiplin included a few relatives who appear in
historical records and throw further sidelights on their associations.
Noteworthy among them is Ralph Ewens, already mentioned, a member of Gray's
Inn, who died, childless, in 1611. Ewens in 1603 had been appointed auditor
of the Queenl3 properties by Sir Robert Cecil, Lord Treasurer. He married the
widow of a rich goldsmith and in his will left rememberances to a long list of
relatives including his uncle, Leonard Calvert and his wife, unnamed; his
grandmother, "Mistress Margerie Calvert," his uncle and aunt Branthwalts, and
his cousins George, Christopher and Samuel Calvert. To George he left 40
shillings for a memorial ring, and the execution of certain provisions. We
gather
that Ewens' old home was in South Cowton, Yorkshire, but four 24
miles from Kiplin.
34
Another family closely allied with the Calverts were the Smithsons. George
Calvert's sister Dorothy married Christopher Smithson of 14oulton, North
Riding. Grace, a daughter of this union, married into the Conyers family,
while a younger member married a Fairfax, one of the most influential families
in Yorkshire. Sons of Christopher and Dorothy Smithson were named Leonard,
Calvert and George.
Later a member of this family was to have many
financial 25
dealings with successive Lords Baltimore.
Though these glimpses of the Calvert environment yield us small satisfaction,
they are precious rays of light in the gloom of sixteenth century family and
social history. The great families had their castles or manor houses, their
muniments., their stores of documents, letters and even diaries; their
imposing portraits, and full-length effigies upon their marble tombs. Their
history is documented at a thousand points. The rank and file of gentle folk,
lacking great lands and royal, political or ecclesiastical preferment, left in
their scanty annals little besides honorable names and inheritance to their
descendants.
When, however, a member of such a family has emerged into the glare of London
and the life of the court, especially when he has attained high office and
played a part on a wider stage, his footprints are readily traced. As young
George Calvert enters his teens his record grows clearer and soon can be
followed year by year. The present account broadens the history already known
by showing the Catholic atmosphere
35
of his home and the experiences he met with in the name of religion.
36
SUPPLEMENT
The orders of the Yorkshire High Commission relating to Leonard Calvert and
his family, as abstracted by Father Aveling from the Act Books, are as
follows:
1580
Aug. 11 Leonard Calverde de Kyplinge, gent, his wife and whole family, put on
bond to conform himself in religion. Book 17, 1580-1585o f- 18-
Oct. 3 -- Leonard Calvard of Kypling, gent. Thomas Todd brought certificate
that Calvert had conformed. Dismissed this time but to be called again.
Ibid,, f, 39 v,
1581
Jan. 16 -- Leonard Calvard de Kypling, gent, due to certify reception of
Communion today. Non comparuit nee cortificavit [He did not appear nor did he
certify]. Ibid., f. 71.
1583
July 19 -- Leonard Calvert de Kipling, armiger, put on bond for the conformity
of himself, wife and family on Aug. 11, 1580. He had once certified their
going to church by his man, who was told a further certificate was wanted
after Christmas, but none was sent in. Calvert appeared in court and was
enjoined to certify on the Monday after Michaelmas [:Sept. 29] that he, his
wife and family had communicated. Ibid., f. 214-
37
Oct. I -- Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gent. No appearance. His attachment
ordered. Ibid., f. 228 v.
1592
Oct. 9 -- Leonard Calvert de Kipling, gent, and Grace his wife. He came and
took bond that he, his wife and family would conform to the established
religion. The bond forbids him to have Catholic servants or schoolmaster in
his house. He is to buy inside a month a Book of Common Prayer, a Bible in
English, Mr. Nowellts Catechism in English and one other book, as Calvints
Institution, Dr. Bilson's book, the Ursinus Catechism, or Dr. Reynolds'
Conference with Hart, to lie open in his home for everyone to read, and to
provide for his children Nowell's Catechism in Latin or Greek, as their
schoolmaster shall appoint. He is to have hereafter no popish books or other
trumpery or reliques of popery, and his children will be kept at school at
York and not leave there without licence from the Archbishop of York. Book 3,
1591-1595, f. 83.
oot. 23 -- Leonard Calvert, gent, bonded in-BlOO that George Calvert and
Christopher Calvert, his sons, shall hereafter learn with Mr. Fowberry now
schoolmaster at Bilton and shall not depart from him without licence, If
required, he is to bring them in to the Commissioners once a quarter to see
how they perfect in learning. Ibid.,, f- 84-
Dec. 4 -- Certificate that Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gent, had communicated
was sent by Ralph Swadals; it was accepted after Swadala had sworn to its
truth.
38
1593
April 23 -- Grace, wife of Leonard Calvert de Kipling, gent, ordered to appear
in court today unless she sands a certificate that she has communicated. She
appeared in court but had not
received communion and refused to do so. She was committed
prisoner to custody of the Pursuivant Southwood unless Eshe
agreed]. Ibid., f. 110 v.
April 24 -- Milo Pickering of Holaugh, yeoman, took bond in
-L20 that Grace Calvert, wife of Leonard, gent, now released
from Thomas Southwoodts custody, would go to receive communion before Monday
after Trinity Sunday, and would certify to that affect er else appear in
court. Ibid., f. 112 v. MM 13 -- Robert Calvert de Durham, cleric, appeared
and took bond that Christopher and George Calvert, sons of Leonard, gent,
(late scholars to one Mr Fobray, scolemaister late at Bilton and now going to
Hull to teach school there) should hereafter learn with the same Robert
Calvert, clerk, or Nicholas Anderson, scholemaister of Robert Kay's house,
gent, and not depart from there without licence of the Commissioners. Ibid,
J'uns 11 -- Grace, wife of Leonard Calvert de Kipling, appeared and Milo
Pickering took bond in-L20 for her to appear Monday after Michaelmas unless
she sands a certificate of her communion. Ibid., 113 v.
Sept. 13 -- Nicholas Anderson, ludimagister rsehoolmastar3
at Linton was inhibited not to teach any further in the house of Robert Kay of
Linton in regard that having taught the popish primer heretofore to his
scholars, and being convicted
39
thereof by his own confession and having made promise upon licence granted him
again to teach, to make amends for his former evil behaviour, he yet
notwithstanding his allowance to teach in the said Kay's house, hath never
taught his scholars the catechism nor any principles of religion now
established. He might teach in the house of t4r. Snawsdall of Bilton, gent,
if Snawsdall likes. Ibid.,, f. 126 v. Oct. 9 -- Grace wife of Leonard Calvert
of Kipling. Quo die Eil-C -- no further record]. Ibido, f. 129 v.
40
NOTES CHAPTER I
1. Letter of Sept. 12, 1630, Strafford Papers, 12, f. 136, Sheffield City
Libraries, by the kind permission of Earl Fitzwilliam.
2. Wills, Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, York, hereafter cited
"Borthwick"; also Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, IV (1888),
XIV (1893), XIX (189.5), XXII (1897), XXIV (1898), XXVI (1899);North Rid@
Record Society, Quarter Sessions, Records I, II, (1884); Yorkshire Parish
Register Society, Publications, XLII, XLIII (1911-1912). See also
Administrations in Appendixes of each volume. Other series consulted are
Surtees Society, Publications, vols. XXVI, CII, CX; Thoresby Society,
Publications, vol. XIX.
3. Confirmation of arms to Sir George Calvert, Dec. 3. 1622. Calvert Paper
No. 31@, Maryland Historical Society.
4- Modern Scholars, however, contend that the origin of the name is calfherd,
descriptive of the occupation in medieval times of certain farm retainers.
This may well be so; or it may apply to some of the Calverts and not to all.
P.H. Reaney, A Dictionary of British Surnames (London, 1958); correspondence
with Dr. A.R. Wagner, Richmond Herald, 1960, at 14aryland Historical Society.
Dr. Wagner prefers the calfhard theory.
41
5. Wills and Administrations, as in note 2.
6. Calendar of Richmond Wills, 1570, OR 176w, Central Library, Leeds. John
Calvert is again mentioned in a legal action, Calendar of Richmond Wills,
1570, TRAW.
7, Wills, Vol. 17, f- 434, Borthwick. Yorkshire Arch. Soc., Rae. 3er., XIV,
28.
8. Roger Dodsworth, "Yorkshire Chukch Notes," Yorkshire Arch. Soc,,, Rae.
Sor., XXXIV (1904), 234. Note dated 1622,
90 North Riding Record Office, Northallarton, Yorks., Quarter Sessions, Lame
Soldiers Book 34V-35. For this
I am indebted to Mr. C.K. Croft Andrews, County Archivist, Northallarton.
Also in North Riding Record Society, II, 278, 282. The present owner of
Kiplin, Miss Bridget Talbot, has deposited the estate papers at the North
Riding Record Office. They yield little pertinent information about the
family at this period,
GEORGE CALVERT: HIS YORKSHIRE
BOYHOOD
"I love Riahmondshire with all my heart and it warms me when you talk of it,
as cold a country as it is," wrote
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, from London to a follow
1
York3hireman, Sir Thomas Wentworth, Characteristic of the
writer was this tribute to the land of his birth, a countryside of no small
charm, abruptly stoop in the west but for the most part gently rolling,
watered by numerous streams and generally well cultivated. Among the many
villages of 3tons and briok there is but one town. Richmond with its great
ruined Norman castle upon the aliff beside the Swale River dominates most of
the district, Dominant, too, has been the role of Richmond in the history of
the North Riding.
WastwaLrdly rises the broken plateau of the Pennines, 20000 to 2,500 feat
high, out along the eastern face by oaseading streams, many of them cataracts
which drop through wild, rocky glans to reach the open country below. These
are the renowned Yorkshire dales. Emerging from one of these gorges,
Swaledale, the River Swale after skirting Richmondis bluffs flows many miles
in a twisting southeastward course through the central Yorkshire plain to join
the Ure above the city of York, Thence their united waters run through the
3tons walled channel within the ancient city,
24
ultimately entering the Ouse to reach the North Sea. In the great plain of
the North Riding, gracious in summer sunshine, yet severe under fogs or storms
from the not far distant sea, there stands beside the Swale some seven miles
below Richmond a brick and stone mansion of Jacobean architecture called
Kiplin Hall. Here once stood the house that in the late sixteenth and early
seventeenth centuries was the home of Leonard Calvert, gentleman.
The Calverts had been known for generations in Yorkshire, and families of that
name were established in each
of the three riding3, though they may not all have descended 2
from a single stock. They were thougbtby some to have derived from the
migration of Flemish weavers attracted to Yorkshire at an early period when
the county had become famous for wool growing. In the parchment letters
patent, issued in 1622 by Sir Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms,
confirming to Sir George Calvert the gold and black Calvert device which today
appears in the seal and flag of Maryland, it is recited that Richard
Verstagan, an antiquary of Antwerp, had sent evidence that Sir George was
descended
from the noble and ancient family of Calverts of Flanders
3
where they have lived long in great honor." Admitting
that research standards were less exacting then than now, and even that the
Norroy King of Arms may have put his best foot forward to please a courtier
high in royal favor, one cannot dismiss a claim accepted by Calvert and
undoubtedly by his contemporaries. The case may be rested by saying that the
Calverts of Kiplin believed themselves of Flemish
25
4
extraction,
If we may trust the evidence of wills and inventories, the many Calverts of
Yorkshire in the sixteenth century were tenant farmers, husbandman, in some
instances yeomen of standing, and as in the ca3S of Leonard of Kiplin,
gentlemen, when that term signified superior social position. Though most of
them bequeathed farm animals, feather beds, and small
sums of money to their heirs, it is interesting to see pro-
.5
vision sometimes made for the education of a younger son. The Calvert name is
associated with Kiplin ax early as
1570 when "Jankyn alias John Calvert de Kypling" was involved
6
in a legal proceeding, the full record of which is now lost. He was possibly
a near relative of John Calvert of Oulcota3, Parish of Aracliffe, some 2.5
miles to the west, who died in
1.565 naming a Leonard Calvert as on* of the supervisors of
7
his will. John of Oulcotes had a son Christopher, a name, as we- shall sea,
borne by another son of Leonard Calvert of Kiplin. Oulcotes, atop the Pennine
Ridge and beyond the border of the North Riding, in the West Riding, was the
place of residence of many Calverts, We may surmise that it wax from thence
the Kiplin branch derived.
George Calvert, the future Lord Baltimore, was born
about 1580 at Kiplin where his father Leonard, son of John,
8
was a tenant of Philip Lord Wharton, Leonard was a man of
local standing, in 1602 treasurer of the Lame Soldiers' Fund,
9
Richmondshire Division Of the North Riding.
Goorge's mother has been said by some to have been Alice
26
(or Alicia) Crosland and by others, Grace Crosland. After
considering the very limited evidence, the writer believes
that she was Alice, daughter of John Crosland of Crosland 10 near Almondbury
in the West Riding. Her family's arms
were quartered with Calvert arms by the second Lord Balti-
more, indicating that she was an heiress in her own right, 11
having no brothers. Nothing more is known of her or her family. Presumably
she died in early life, and her husband Leonard married a second time. This
belief is supported by the record of the Yorkshire High Commission showing
that
Leonard Calvert and wife Grace in 1592 were summoned by the 12 Commission to
answer charges of religious nonconformity.
Of Grace Crosland, daughter of Thomas, of Crosland Hill near Almondbury,
something more is to be found. Since her baptism appears in the register of
the established church at Almondbury on February 8, 1573, presumably at a
tender age,
she could not have been a mother in 1580. She is mentioned 13 in the will of
her father, a yoomin, who died in 1587.
Like the Yorkshire Calverts, however, the Croalands were numerous and their
family relationships defy understanding.
The name is legion today in the same area, and Crosland
place-names &bound -- Crosland Hall, Crosland Hill, Crosland
Edge, and so on -- while in the churchyard of Huddersfield,
the nearby metropolis, we find rank on rank of tombs of departed Croolands.
Consequently, search for more light on Alias and Grace and their relation to
each other has to be abandoned, complicated as it is by the lack of reliable
birth,
27
death and marriage records of Roman Catholics, as many if not all of the
Calverts and Croslands war*. Anglican clerks and vicars often failed to make
entries and confused the Christian names of their parishioners. Spelling of
names was largely phonetic. The churches at Danby Wiske and at Bolton-on-
Swale, both but a few miles from Kiplia, have no records prior to 1600. If
they were made, they have been lost. Catholics were married privately and had
their young baptized surreptitiously by priests who travelled by night and hid
by day, usually avoiding or neglecting any formal record.
The Yorkshire High Commission summons of October, 1592, to Leonard and Grace
Calvert was by no means the first effort to compel their compliance in
worship, nor was it to be the last. Frequently in the years 1580 to 1594 this
couple was pressed to conform to Anglican practice. Leonard in 1580 submitted
a certificate that he had conformed -- whether by church attendance or taking
communion does notappear -- and two years later gave bond that he and his wife
(whose name was not stated) would communicate within a given time. When proof
that they had done so was not forthcoming, he was forced to give a new bond
for compliance with this order. Again he failed to obey and attachment of his
person was ordered by the Commission, Here the records are silent. Whether he
was actually imprisoned or obtained release by paying a fine is not known.
The next entry relating to him is dated October 9, 1592, and may be abstracted
as follows:
28
Leonard Calvert of Kipling, gentleman, and Grace his wife, before the High
Commission. Leonard took bond that he would have no Catholic servants or
Catholic teacher for his children, and would buy within a month a Book of
Common Prayer, a Bible in English and a catechism, all to lie open in his
house "for everyone to read." All "Popish books or other trumpery or relics of
Popery" were to be dispensed
with. His children were to be put to school in York and not 14 to leave
without license from the Archbishop of York.
Two of these children -- probably the only offspring at this time -- were
George and Christopher, named later in another order by the same authority.
The boys, doubtless full brothers about 12 and 10 years old, respectively, are
now to 'learn with Mr. Fowberry at Bilton" and to appear once every quarter
before the commissioners to see 'thow they perfect in learning."
When Mr. Fowberry soon after removed to Hull, one Robert Calvert, minister of
Durham, went bond in the amount of-ElOO that George and Christopher would
study either with himself
or with Nicholas Anderson at Linton. Though a small degree 15 of choice was
given, the picture of oppression is clear.
Since the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536, when the Roman Catholic sentiment in
Yorkshire disclosed itself in an uprising of frightening proportions and was
brutally dealt with by Henry VIII and his military leaders, the county had
been rent by religious quarrels. Many prominent families, including peers of
the realm, had sought to avoid the fines and disabilities imposed upon them as
Catholics. Sometimes the
29
authorities winked at nonconformity till a lay or clerical busybody turned
informer against laggards and brought harsh retribution. Sometimes relatives
or friends in high places interposed and enabled the nonconformist, or even
the hardpressed recusant, to escape punishment. Such instances were not rare.
Often they reflect the unwillingness of Queen Elizabeth or of local officers
to impose fines or worse upon the people, for under constant pressure from
officials of church and state many turned more and more toward the state
religion. Time, it was hoped, might work further improvement. Prominent at
court were many Catholic lords who gave merest lip service and often not oven
that, to the Anglican hierarchy.
The device of taking children from Catholic homes and
16
placing them under the tutelage of Protestants was a now one,
That it was not always successful is shown by the fact that the next year the
Commission found Nicholas Anderson, one of their chosen tutors, guilty by his
own confession of using
the "Popish primer." He was required to leave Linton and 17 take up
instruction elsewhere.
Nor were this snatching away of his children and being compelled to purchase
and display Protestant books the only interferences visited upon Leonard
Calvert. In December, 1592, he was obliged to certify to the Commission that
he had communicated in the Anglican Church, and in the following spring
pressures mounted to force his wife to do the same. If she should not comply,
she was to be the prisoner of one of the Commission's agents, that is, to be
removed to his house and remain there. Next day, however, one Milo Pickering
30
went her bond in the sum of E2O that she would conform no later than Monday
after Trinity Sunday. But on June 11 she was still a hold-out, and
Pickeringla bond was renewed in her presence with the proviso that she
communicate no later than Michaelmas following (September 29). The last we
hear
is that her case was called in October, but neither punish-
la
Mont nor acquittal is recorded.
The most memorable public event in young Goorge's childhood was, of course,
the destruction of the Spanish Armada, Then 8 years of age, the boy must have
heard of the preparations, long under way, to fend oft the enemy. When at
last beacon fires throughout England gave the alarm, and suspense lay heavy in
every mind, great must have been the relief as word of the destruction wrought
by Drake and the providential scattering of the mighty Armada spread through
the countryside. Since Kiplin lies but 30 miles southeast of the seacoast at
Middlesbrough, there may well have been tales of wreckage that went from mouth
to mouth through all the country.
Of Kiplin mansion or hall of this early period no picture or description
remains, It may have been of the medieval fortified type, possibly small,
certainly illlighted and probably unpretentious. A more modern house,
commodious, convenient and handsome, Sir George in 1622 undertook to build for
the enjoyment of himself and his family when he should retire from court and
statecraft, a hope that was dashed first by the death of his wife and then by
his ardor for colonizing in America. Remote even today,
31
Kiplin stands 220 miles from London and 30 miles from York. Its occupants in
the seventeenth century were not acquainted with affairs in London, the court
intrigues, the gossip, the newsmongers, the customs and fashions of the day.
Letters by mounted couriers took several days each way. Certain of the
Yorkshire leaders, both political and social, were frequent visitors to the
capital and some of them maintained residences there, but the tone of the
county was set rather by the substantial gentry, the holders of office
-members of the Council of the North and those of Parliament -- such noblemen
as merited respect, and the higher clergy the bishops and deans. The gentry
were numerous, forming the backbone of county society. There is reason to
believe that the Calverts of Kiplin were of moderate circumstances. We know
that means were found to send George to Oxford University and on finishing his
studies ha seems to have made a prolonged tour of the Continent.
Grace, the wife of Leonard Calvert, appears briefly once more. She declined
to be a communicant at Easter, 1604, and
19
was fined. The inference is that she had conformed to the extent of attending
church but would rather pay a fine than accept the Anglican communion. It was
presumably she who was mentioned as the wife of Leonard in the will of his
nephew, Ralph Ewens, clerk of the House of Commons, when he 20
died in 1611. Goorgets brother Christopher also fails to emerge from the
shadows.
Hi All:
I wanted to say a special thank you to George Calvert for sending me the pages
I needed from O'Gormans book on the Calverts. Now I know that I am definately
descended from William and Elizabeth (Nodding) Calvert. I hope someday
someone can go back further to see where William came from, but for now I am
satisfied to have traced my heritage back to the 1700's.
Cathy (Calvert) Cabanaw
ref. is message #4, Digest v. 98, Issue 25(Feb.1, 98 msg on Mary Calvert
(married John Chenoweth)
steamdog(a)remail.msn.com (Jay Remer)
Debi: Please send me your address and phone number. John King is not on
the Calvert line, but I do know he has a computer. I don't know his
E-mail address, however. I will be more than happy to send your address
and phone number to him. He is very helpful, but also busy. When I get
your info. I will give him a call and deliver same. Glad the info. was
helpful.
Barbara Calvert 2/2/98
In article <199802040207.VAA08630(a)rome.ntr.net>, cybercat(a)ntr.net writes
>Debbie, It sounds like your grandparents came
>from the part of England where they made the fine
>English china.
China clay is mined in the St Austell area but "fine china" is not made
there! Josiah Wedgwood developed its use to make china in his works at
Stoke in the Midlands in the 18th century.
Mick
--
Michael P. Cooper * Mineralist * minerals(a)mpcooper.demon.co.uk
Just looked in the back of the book and saw corrections. Rebecca's last
name is Gerard and she married Charles Calvert (not Lord), Governor of
Maryland. Charles died 1733 and Rebecca died 1735. + more. The only
nephew Charles, I have for Leonard, married Mary Jenson. HELP? Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
In the book, Colonial Virginians and their Maryland Relatives, by Norma
Tucker, pg. 66, this is listed: Princes George's Co.,MD. Rebecca
(Tucker) married there 21 Nov. 1722 Charles Calvert, nephew of Leonard
Calvert.
Which Charles would this be? Thanks, Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
Okey cousins, this new book sure has confused me. I've used O'Gorman's
like a bible and Mistress of Riversdale is like finding the "lost books"
of the bible. Sure am finding some things that don't gee-haw.
George Calvert, the husband of Rosalie Stier, is the son of Benedict
Swingate Calvert b. 1724(?) d. 1788(Oldest son (illegitimate) of 5th
Lord Baltimore, and Elizabeth CALVERT 1730-1798 d/o Governor Charles
Calvert. I need some input here. Regards, Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
>From the very little I have and scanned over, this book is VERY
interesting and informative. I suggest that everyone interested in the
CALVERT family, order the book from AMAZON . They have a web site and
the book only cost $13.56. If anyone is interested in the web site let
me know and I'll try to send it. Also, there is a web search called
WebFerret that I would strongly suggest that anyone with internet access
download. That little program can find "anything" and do it fast.
Back to Mistress, I will gladly post tidbits from the book as I find
them. The book is copyrighted and I'm really unclear abt as to how to
relay information from it. If anyone knows abt such matters, please feel
free to tell me. Regards, Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
Does anyone have Barbara's email address? I lost it in a computer
repair. She lives up around Ft. Worth or Dallas. Thanks, Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
i have lost some of my information, is there a place on the web where i can
finda the birath of apersona w/o sending off for birthcertificate, i have
orgiinal of my grandmotehrs, but i need to know the birthdate, of my g/reat
grandparetnsds. which all i have is there name...im lost....
tahnk you
debbie
fla.
i have just found out today, that my g/grandfather was born in Lancaster,
which he had three other brohters, the surname i am searching, is Harry PErcy
Calvert,, is there anyone searching theat family surname, from Lancaster,
england. I dont have a birthdate, which i wish i did, but he did leave for
cornwall where he invested in the clay fielsds aroutnd 1901...
thank you
debbie
florida
Has anyone on the list read or even heard of the book, the title listed
above? It is a collection of letters written by Rosalie Stier Calvert
1795-1821. I just received it and it certainly looks like it will be
interesting to read. There is also a picture of George Calvert painted
by Gilbert Stuart, 1804. If anyone is interested in seeing it, I will
try to scan it and send it to you. Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS
Good morning everyone. I downloaded Netscape 4.0 yesterday and was
having a pronblem with it. I called Tech Support (bad mistake) and they
had me completely wipe out all of my old messages that I had saved to a
folder. So, anyone who sent me a message the past few days, will you
please resend it. Thanks, Vicki K
--
txcalvert(a)erath.net
http://www.familytreemaker.com/users/s/p/e/Vicki-K-Spencer
BATSEL*BYERS*CALVERT*CLARK*DUVALL*EMBRY*EVANS*FELTY*JONES
HOLMES*KEITH*LONG*LOGSDON*MILLER*NAIL*PHELPS*SKAGGS
WILLIS*WATKINS